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10. Labarion by Lars Finsen
Texts | Grammar | Glossary | Abbreviations
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Labarion Saltat trei tonnus Diu oinu seðtu onco mori in lege bristiio. Rettu trei tonnon io octu bristi. Indiretous bue, lubissur. Exlenciur tonnon treiio ressu andebrisaunu. Teðmisiu eio brisaunon do aivi. Mendu troget in son lagon pellon etic saltat trei tonnus. |
Smooth English Moving through the waves One day I sat in front of the see where it was breaking. I ran through a wave breaking violently. It was irresistible, I loved it. I dream of a wave that I can run through as it breaks strongly. I will feel its breaking forever. I wish to return to that remote place and move through the waves. |
Grammar
Labarion is a reconstruction of the Gaulish language as spoken in late pre-Roman times. It has an online forum, groups.yahoo.com/group/celticaconlang/, where a file section can be accessed, containing grammar and vocabulary. It's not my creation, mainly the work of the group owner Alounis, though I have contributed.
I don't follow the standard Labarion orthography here. Rather I am using a latinised spelling as it appeared in historic times, except that I am using a u for the vocalic v.
It is an Indo-European language of the Celtic family and strongly case-marked with a complicated verbal system. Probably it yielded to Latin so swiftly on the continent because Latin was easier to learn.
In the glossary, the nouns and verbs are marked with class denominations. The ones represented in the text are mi, masculine i-stems, mo, masculine o-stems, mu, masculine u-stems, no, neuter o-stems, BI, strong verbs of the 1st conjugation, BIV, strong verbs of the 4th conjugation, AII, weak verbs of the 2nd conjugation. Their morphologies are tabulated below. Deponent verbs are a particular form used when the action originates from the subject and affects only the subject. It will suffice to note here that the two forms used in the text are made simply by appending an r at the end of the word.
The word order is rather free, but generally SOV. Subject pronouns are incorporated into the verbs so that sentences often start with a verb. Attributes may precede or follow their heads. Adjectives must agree with their nouns in case, gender and number. Verbs have no infinitive, and verbs are listed in their 3rd person singular present form. This form also is used in compounds after an auxiliary, no matter the tense or mood of the auxiliary. The relative pronoun io is often appended to the verb if the clause is simple. Any noun or adjective may be used as an adverb by applying the instrumental case.
Nominal morphology: mo: sg pl mi: sg pl mu: sg pl nom os ii i ies us oves acc on us in is un us dat u obo e ibo ou oubo gen i on es ion ous uion loc e obi i ibi u oubi abl u obi i ibi u oubi ins u obi i ibi u oubi voc e us i ies u oves
no is identical to mo except that the nom.sg., the acc.sg. and the voc.sg is -on.
Verbal morphology: AII: pres pret fut 1s iu issu isiu 2s ii isses isies 3s it is isiet 1p imos issames isiomos 2p ite issate isiete 3p int issant isiont BI: pres pret p.subj 1s u tu su 2s es tes ses 3s et ti set 1p omos tomes somos 2p ete tete sete 3p ont ton sont
A voiced stop ending a root will turn to a fricative before the preterite ending, here ð. Dental stops preceding the subjunctive ending are assimilated to the s.
BIV: pres 1s ami 2s ai 3s at 1p amos 2p ate 3p ant To be: pres pret fut p.subj 1s emmi buan bisiu buju 2s ei buas bisies bues 3s essi bue bisiet buet 1p emmos buamos bisiomos buomos 2p esue buate bisiete buete 3p senti buant bisiont buont
Glossary
aivi (adv) ever, always andebrisaunon (no) great breaking brisaunon (no) breaking briset (BI) break dius (mu) day do (prep + abl) to, for eio (pron) its, his, her essi (irreg) be - conjugation tabulated above etic (conj) and exlencit (AII) dream in (prep + abl) in, at in (prep + acc) into, to indiretous (adj) irresistible io (pron) relative pronoun legos (mo) place lubit (AII) enjoy, love mendet (BI) wish, want mori (mi) sea, ocean octu (adv) violently oinos (num) 1 onco (prep + abl) beside, next to pellos (adj) remote, far retet (BI) run saltat (BIV) move sedet (BI) sit son (pron) this, that teðmit (AII) feel tonnos (mo) wave trei (prep + acc) through treiio (prep + acc) through which troget (BI) go back, return
Abbreviations
1p 1st person plural 1s 1st person singular 2p 2nd person plural 2s 2nd person singular 3p 3rd person plural 3s 3rd person singular abl ablative acc accusative adj adjective adv adverb AII weak verb of the 2nd conjugation BI strong verb of the 1st conjugation BIV strong verb of the 4th conjugation conj conjunction dat dative fut future gen genitive ins instrumental loc locative nom nominative num numeral prep preposition pres present pret preterite pron pronoun p.subj present subjunctive voc vocative
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